鍛件在鍛造后出現廢品、報廢的鍛件我們該怎么處理。對已產生白點而報廢的鍛件進行改鍛。對已產生白點的鍛件，可以通過改鍛等熱加工方法加工成尺寸更小的零部件毛坯，改鍛后的小尺寸鋼坯需要進行緩冷和退火，可挽回一部分報廢的鋼材。

  鍛(duan)件(jian)在冷(leng)卻(que)過程中，其表面(mian)的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)容(rong)易(yi)擴散逸出，而心部的(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)則不易(yi)排出。所以(yi)鍛(duan)件(jian)截面(mian)越(yue)大(da)(da)，越(yue)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。隨鍛(duan)件(jian)截面(mian)的(de)(de)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，鋼(gang)的(de)(de)偏析程度也(ye)(ye)越(yue)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，更(geng)容(rong)易(yi)促(cu)使白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)。鍛(duan)件(jian)表面(mian)積越(yue)大(da)(da)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)析出越(yue)容(rong)易(yi)。因(yin)(yin)此，空心鍛(duan)件(jian)(如(ru)齒圈(quan))比(bi)實心鍛(duan)件(jian)(如(ru)齒輪軸)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)要小(xiao)。含(han)碳(tan)量小(xiao)于(yu)0．3的(de)(de)低碳(tan)鋼(gang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)極(ji)(ji)低。隨著含(han)碳(tan)量的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)，鋼(gang)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)增(zeng)加(jia)。鍛(duan)件(jian)鍛(duan)后(hou)冷(leng)卻(que)速度越(yue)快(kuai)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)越(yue)大(da)(da)。1)不產(chan)生白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)：如(ru)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)、鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)、奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)、萊氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)。一(yi)般正(zheng)常(chang)生產(chan)條件(jian)下的(de)(de)含(han)碳(tan)量小(xiao)于(yu)0．39／6、含(han)錳量小(xiao)于(yu)0．6的(de)(de)碳(tan)素鋼(gang)也(ye)(ye)不會形成(cheng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)(yin)此對這類鋼(gang)沒(mei)有必要在鍛(duan)后(hou)做去氫(qing)(qing)(qing)退火(huo)；2)對白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)：珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)較小(xiao)，馬(ma)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)較大(da)(da)，馬(ma)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)敏(min)(min)感(gan)(gan)性(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)。如(ru)：20Cr2Ni4、18Cr2Ni4W、20CrNi2MO、40CrNi2MO、40CrNiMO等。馬(ma)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)鋼(gang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)限含(han)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)量為≤(1．8)×l0～。

交付(fu)(fu)鍛件的(de)同時(shi)提(ti)供(gong)質(zhi)檢報告。鍛造廠在交付(fu)(fu)鍛件的(de)同時(shi)，必須出具：

1)純(chun)凈度rH]、[N]、[O]含量；

2)化學(xue)成分、力學(xue)性能；

3)鍛造(zao)比；

4)超聲(sheng)波探傷(shang)等(deng)相關內容(rong)的質檢(jian)報告(gao)。

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